Culture refers to the social heritage of a people—the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patters in (S1) material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture—(S2) abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional arrangements—and material culture—physical object like (S3) cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary (S4) speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another (S5) language—the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, (S6) literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world (S7) of experience we share with other members of our group.
　　Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind (S8) of map for relating to others. Consider how you feel your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh (S9) at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, (S10) ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.
　　Therefore, if we know a person’s culture, we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gains in Developing Countries. You must base pour composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
(1)以附图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality) 的变化情况.
(2)说明引起变化的各种原因.

Health Gains in Developing Countries