It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you’ve got to work hard.
However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, it is rest that makes you stronger.
Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells.
During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.
If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome (综合症)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.
The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athletes may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport. Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries.
The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required, therefore, early detection is very important. If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.
The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done (1) ________ by women—ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing (2) ________ work—still need to be done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a (3) ________ that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time” and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like.
Although there is still a big wage (4) ________ between men and women, the income working women (5) ________ gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now (6) ________ about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers (7) ________ women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are (8) ________ customers. It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to (9) ________ pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars—the Japanese society is still very much male-oriented. Perhaps it was the (10) ________ contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.
| A) scale I) potential B) retailed J) gap C) generate K) voluntary D) extreme L) excessive E) technically M) insulted F) affordable N) purchase G) situation O) primarily |