The human body is a remarkable food processor. As an adult,you may consume (1) _______ a ton of food per year and still not gain or lose a pound of body weight. You are (2) _______ harnessing and consuming energy through the intricate (3) _______ of your body in order to remain in energy balance. To (4) _______ a given body weight,your energy input must balance your energy output. However,sometimes the (5) _______ energy balance is upset,and your (6) ______ body weight will either fall or (7) _______.
    The term body image refers to the mental image we have of our won physical appearance,and (8) _________________________. Research has revealed that about 40 percent of adult men and 55 percent of adult women are dissatisfied with their current body weight (9) _________________________. At the college level,a study found that 85 percent of both male and female first-year students desired to change their body weight. (10) _________________________. Thinness is currently an attribute that females desire highly. Males generally desire muscularity. The vast majority of individuals who want to change their body weight do it for the sake of appearance; most want to lose excess body fat while a smaller percentage of individuals actually want to gain weight.

    Birds that are literally half-asleep—with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping—control which side of the brain remains awake,according to a new study of sleeping ducks.
    Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemisphere's eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
    Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemisphere's eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
    Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable,end-of-the-row sleepers,Sure enough,the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.
    Also,birds dozing (打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep,rather than total relaxation,more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row,the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.
    “We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.
    The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread,he predicts. He's seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
    Useful as half-sleeping might be,it's only been found in birds and such water mammals (哺乳动物) as dolphins,whales,and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.
    Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UGLA says he wonders if birds' half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg (冰山)". He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.

    A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair experiment that ends up debunking (揭穿．．．的真相) a widely practiced medical treatment. Emily Rosa's target was a practice known as therapeutic (治疗) touch (TT for short),whose advocates manipulate patients' “energy field” to make them feel better and even,say some,to cure them of various ills. Yet Emily's test shows that these energy fields can't be detected,even by trained TT practitioners (行医者). Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation,Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare,“Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters,and this is good science.”
    Emily's mother Linda Rosa,a registered nurse,has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late '80s,when she learned it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) don't even touch their patients. Instead,they waved their hands a few inches from the patient's body,pushing energy fields around until they're in “balance.” TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds,relieve pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to $70 an hour,the smooth patients' energy,sometimes during surgery.
    Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing—something they haven't been eager to do,even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (He's had one taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocent fourth-grader? Says Emily: “I think they didn't take me very seriously because I'm a kid.”
    The experiment was straightforward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands,palms up,through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs—left or right—and the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded,they'd done no better than they would have by simply guessing. if there was an energy field,they couldn't feel it.

    What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special—purpose lane system,in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways,but it promises the greatest gains in freeway (高速公路) capacity.
    Under either scheme,the driver would specify the desired destination,furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place,automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available,the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp (入口引道). As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway,devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests,the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case,the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes,which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would presumably be well respected,because all trespassers (非法进入者)could be swiftly identified by authorities.)
    Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging,without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel,the drive would be free to release the wheel,open the morning paper or just relax.

　　Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read,write and compute at certain levels,and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges,who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent.” Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective,happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.
　　If you are happy,if you live each moment for everything it's worth,then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness,but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself,or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D—Nervous Break Down.
　　“Intelligent” people do not have N. B. D.'s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression,because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.
　　You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements,conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly,money,growing old,sickness,deaths,natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it,to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,while others collapse or have an N. B. D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also,the most rare.

　　In the United States,the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (1) _______ half of the 19th century; most of (2) _______ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S. the daynursery movement received great (3) _______ during the First World War, when (4) _______ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented（前所未有）numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were establishes (5) _______ in munitions（军火）plants,under direct government sponsorship. (6) _______ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (7) _______, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (8) _______, Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control (9) _______ the day nurseries,chiefly by (10) _______ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
　　The (11) _______ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries,as women were (12) _______ called upon to replace men in the factories. On this (13) _______ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. (14) _______ $6,000,000 in July,1942,for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (15) _______ this Federal aid. By the end of the war,in August 1945,more than 100,000 children were being cared (16) _______ in daycare centers receiving Federal (17) _______. Soon afterward,the Federal government (18) _______ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (19) _______ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However,the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their (20) _______ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
(1) 面试在求职过程中的作用。
(2) 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……

How to Succeed in a Job Interview?